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Dog

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  The  dog  or  domestic dog  ( Canis familiaris  or  Canis lupus familiaris ) is a  domesticated  descendant of the  wolf . The dog is  derived  from an  ancient, extinct wolf , and the modern  wolf  is the dog's nearest living relative. The dog was the first  species  to be domesticated, by  hunter-gatherers  over 15,000 years ago, before the development of agriculture. Due to their long association with humans, dogs have expanded to a large number of domestic individuals and gained the ability to thrive on a  starch -rich diet that would be inadequate for other  canids . The dog has been  selectively bred  over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.  Dog breeds  vary widely in shape, size, and color. They perform many roles for humans, such as  hunting ,  herding ,  pulling loads ,  protection ,  assisting police  and the  military ,  companionship ,  therapy , and  aiding disabled people . Over the millennia, dogs became uniquely adapted

Toy group dogs

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Chihuahua The  Chihuahua  or  Spanish :  Chihuahueño  is a Mexican  breed  of  toy dog . It is named for the Mexican state of  Chihuahua  and is among the smallest of all  dog breeds .  It is usually kept as a  companion animal  or for  showing .

Terrier group dogs

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 Airedale Terrier The  Airedale Terrier  (often shortened to "Airedale"), also called  Bingley Terrier  and  Waterside Terrier , is a  dog breed  of the  terrier   type  that originated in the valley ( dale ) of the  River Aire , in the West Riding of  Yorkshire ,  England .  It is traditionally called the "King of Terriers" because it is the largest of the terrier breeds. The Airedale was bred from the  Old English Black and Tan Terrier  (now known as the  Welsh Terrier ), the  Otterhound  and probably some other Terrier breeds, and has contributed to other dog breeds, such as the  Yorkshire Terrier . Originally bred to serve as a versatile hunting and all around working farm dog, this breed has also been used as a war dog, guide dog, and  police dog  in Britain. In the United States, the breed has been used to hunt big game, upland birds, and water fowl, and serve in many other working capacities.

Non sporting group dogs

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 Boston terrier The  Boston Terrier  is a  breed  of  dog  originating in the  United States of America . This "American Gentleman" was accepted in 1893 by the  American Kennel Club  as a non-sporting breed.  Color and markings are important when distinguishing this breed from the AKC standard. They should be either black,  brindle  or seal with white markings.  Boston Terriers are small and compact with a short tail and erect ears. The AKC says they are highly intelligent and very easily trained. [5]  They are friendly and can be stubborn at times. The average life span of a Boston Terrier is around 11 to 13 years.

Sporting group dogs

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 Golden Retriever The  Golden Retriever  is a Scottish  breed  of  retriever  dog of medium size. It is characterised by a gentle and affectionate nature and a striking golden coat. It is commonly kept as a  pet  and is among the most frequently registered breeds in several Western countries. It is a frequent competitor in  dog shows  and  obedience trials ; it is also used as a  gundog , and may be trained for use as a  guide dog . The breed was created by  Sir Dudley Marjoribanks  at his Scottish estate  Guisachan  in the late nineteenth century. He  cross-bred   Flat-coated Retrievers  with  Tweed Water Spaniels , with some further infusions of  Red Setter ,  Labrador Retriever  and  Bloodhound . The breed was recognised by the  Kennel Club  in 1913, and during the  interwar period  spread to many parts of the world.

Hound group dogs

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 Afghan hound The  Afghan Hound  is a  hound  that is distinguished by its thick, fine, silky coat and its tail with a ring curl at the end. The breed is selectively bred for its unique features in the cold mountains of  Afghanistan . Other names for this breed are Tāzī, Balkh Hound, Baluchi Hound,  Barakzai  Hound, Shalgar Hound, Kabul Hound, Galanday Hound or sometimes incorrectly African Hound. They have the ability to run and turn well.

Herding group dogs

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  German Shepard The   German Shepherd   or   Alsatian   is a German   breed   of   working dog   of medium to large size. The breed was developed by   Max von Stephanitz   using various   traditional German herding dogs   from 1899. It was originally bred as a  herding dog , for herding  sheep . It has since been used in many other types of work, including  disability assistance ,  search-and-rescue ,  police work  and  warfare . It is commonly kept as a  companion dog , and according to the  Fédération Cynologique Internationale  had the second-highest number of annual registrations in 2013.